While not formal genre, multicultural fiction represents an important
theme in YA literature and books within this category can be found or classified in any of the genres.
Authors that represent a specific group, or write about any group or issue, are
classified in the appropriate genre.
Walter Dean Myers would be considered an author of realistic
fiction. Gary Soto's Baseball in April and Other Stories is
a collection of short stories about everyday life of Mexican American kids
Joseph Bruchac's Skeleton Man, a story based on Mohawk legend, is
considered a YA supernatural title.
Adolescents tend to select books that they can identify with, characters much like themselves,
situations that mirror their lives. It is important to encourage
reading that gives them a look at life outside of their own. Readers may seek out books that feature multicultural characters, themes or settings.
Library media specialists must know YA authors who write as members of
mainstream cultures and from other perspectives as well. In our increasing diverse society, it is important to introduce young people to various cultures and groups so that they can come to understand and accept cultural differences.
It is also important to have literature available that depicts young people in a variety of cultures, with diverse beliefs, or with different physical and mental abilities so that they can read about people that are similar to themselves, either from their own culture, or with similar beliefs or capabilities.
The Cooperative Children's Book Center designates books by and about people of color as multicultural literature. In
CCBC Choices, information about multicultural literature and publishing may be found under four main ethnic groups:
 | Africans and African Americans |
 | Latinos |
 | American Indian |
 | Asian Pacifics and Asian Pacific Americans |
CCBC Choices is a great way to keep up with outstanding new titles published each year by authors in these four main ethnic groups.
Another way of looking at multicultural literature is as "literature that reflects ethnic and regional groups whose cultures have been less represented than European cultures in the
past." (Children's Books in Children's Hands, 2002)
Some Authors Writing About African Americans
 | Sharon Draper |
 | Virginia Hamilton |
 | Rita-Williams Garcia |
 | Rosa Guy |
 | Walter Dean Myers |
 | Jacqueline Woodson |
 | Mildred Taylor |
 | Angela Johnson. |
Author Writing About Asian Americans
 | Linda Crew |
 | Sook Nyul Choi |
 | Marie G. Lee |
 | Lois-Ann Yamanaka |
 | An Na |
 | Kyoko Mori |
 | Laurence Yep |
Authors Writing About Hispanic/Latino-Americans
 | Julia Alavarez |
 | Judith Ortiz Cofer |
 | Francisco Jimenez |
 | Juan Felipe Herrera |
 | Gary Soto |
 | Victor Martinez |
Authors Writing About Native Americans
 | Joseph Bruchac |
 | Cynthia Leitich Smith |
 | Gary Paulsen |
 | Will Hobbs |
 | Michael Dorris |
 | Marsha Qualey |
 | Louise Erdrich |
Cultural diversity is not limited to ethnic groups. It can also
encompass other parts of US culture include literature about groups that have been marginalized in children's and
YA literature such as people with disabilities, gay and lesbian youth, and religious communities.
International literature brings a global perspective and literature written about other countries. Australia, Great Britain and Canada are all well represented in the YA literature and librarians must make an effort to know what is being published in these and other countries.
Characteristics of YA Multicultural Books (Adapted from Reaching
Adolescents, Reed, 1994)
Purpose
 | Developing cultural awareness |
 | Developing self-esteem |
 | Coming to terms with differences between cultures |
Character
Adolescent Protagonist
 | Realistic |
 | Part of the culture in which he or she lives |
 | Often more mature than age of character indicates
develops self-esteem as a member of his or her culture |
 | May struggle with his or her differences but learns to rejoice in them |
 | Growth with own culture |
Antagonist
 | Usually from the majority culture |
 | Sometimes the system or the government |
Other Characters
 | Peers within the culture; frequently undeveloped
an adult mentor within the culture; usually not a parent |
Plot
 | Often more complex than typical young adult novel
frequently deals with confrontation between cultures (protagonist vs. antagonist; protagonist vs. reader)
the character learns about him- or herself within the culture |
 | Increased awareness of the culture |
Point of View
Protagonist
 | Often written in the first person |
Voice
 | Protagonist's |
 | Sometimes second self; more mature protagonist |
 | Sometimes the mentor's voice is evident |
 | Never preachy or dogmatic |
Setting
 | Accurately portrays culture |
 | Often presents clashing cultures (minority vs. majority; parents' vs. adolescents) |
Theme
 | Heroism |
 | Combating prejudice and discrimination |
 | Individual against society |
 | "You can!" |
Evaluating and Selecting Multicultural Material
 | Does the author and illustrator present insider perspectives? Author may not be of heritage of group by birth, but can think as a member of the group. Illustrations are accurate, true to time period portrayed, culturally authentic. |
 | Is the culture portrayed multi-dimensionally? To realize depth and breadth of experiences with cultures. |
 | Are cultural details naturally integrated? Does the story flow easily, come alive for the reader? |
 | Are details accurate and is the interpretation current? |
 | Is language used authentically? |
 | Is the collection balanced? Librarian needs to assess needs and match high quality books with those needs, consider reader preferences, survey multicultural books already in the collection, provide a strong selection across genres. |
Awards for Outstanding Multicultural Literature
 | Coretta
Scott King Award - Given to African American Authors and
Illustrators. |
 | Americas
Award – Given to work in Spanish or English, that authentically
portrays experiences of individuals of Latino, Caribbean, Latin
American heritage in the United States. |
 | Hans
Christian Andersen Awards – Life Time Achievement award.
International award presented biennially to an author or illustrator
who has made significant contributions to the field of children’s
literature. |
 | Mildred
L. Batchelder Award Given annually to an American
publisher instrumental in promoting the international exchange of
books for young people. |
 | Lambda
Literary Awards – Awards given to literature by or about gay,
lesbian, transgendered and bi-sexualOneof Lambda awards is for
excellence in children’s or young adult literature. |
 | Pura
Belpre Award – Presented to a Latino/Latina writer and
illustrator whose work portrays, affirms, and celebrates the Latino
cultural experience in an outstanding work of literature for children
and youth. |
 | Internet
School Library Media Center – This web page contains listing of
many literature awards.
|
More On Multicultural Literature
Print Resources
 | Books for You: An Annotated Booklist for Senior High. NCTE. Ref PN 1009 .A1 N266 1997 |
 | Connecting Cultures: a guide to multicultural literature for children. By Rebecca L. Thomas. New Providence, NJ: R.R. Bowder, 1996. Ref PN 1009 .A1 T465 1996 |
 | Kaleidoscope: a multicultural booklist for grades k-8. 2nd edition, Urbana, Ill: National Council of Teachers of English, 1997. Ref PN 1009 .A1 .K3 1994, 1997, 2003 |
 | Multicultural Literature for Children and Young Adults. Volumes 1 & 2, By Cooperative Children's Book Center, Madison, WI., 1991 & 1997. Ref PN 1009 .A1 .K78 1991, 1997 |
 | New Press Guide to Multicultural Resources for Young Readers. Ed. By Daphne Muse. New York: New Press, 1997. Ref Z1037 .N57 1997 |
 | Teen Genreflecting: A guide to reading interests. 2nd ed. By Diana Tixier Herald. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited, 2003. |
 | Through Indian Eyes: the native experience in books for children. By Beverly Slapin and Doris Seale. Los Angeles, Calif.: American Indian Studies Center, University of California, c1998. E 77.4 .T63 1998 |
 | United in Diversity: using multicultural young adult literature in the classroom. Ed b Jean E. Brown. Urbana, Ill: National Council of Teachers of English, 1998. LB1575.5 U5 U65 |
 | Your Reading: a Booklist for Junior High and Middle School. National Council of Teachers of English. Ref PN 1009 .A1 Y7 2003. |
 | "What's out there? Gay and lesbian literature for children and young adults." By Claudia Mitchell. In: Lesbian and Gay Studies and the Teaching of Enlish. Urbana, Ill: National Council of Teachers of English, 2000. |
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